Urbanisation and Infrastructural Development in Nagaland: A Case Study of Kohima and Mokokchung District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52218/ijbtob.v1i4.119Abstract
Urbanisation is now becoming a global phenomenon, high rate of population growth; declining opportunities in rural areas and shift from stagnant and low paying agriculture sector to more paying urban occupations, largely contribute to urbanization process. This paper studies the level of physical and social infrastructural progress in Kohima and Mokokchung districts using seven indicators such as education institution, health, banking, postal service, water supply, surface road cover and electricity. Research survey was conducted in Kohima and Mokokchung in 2017-18. The sample wards were selected using random sampling methods. The data’s collected were than analyzed using Principal Components Analysis Model. The findings shows that 50% of urban areas are in developed and 37.5% in moderately developed and 12% in less developed with regard to surface road, medical facilities, education, postal service, banking and water supply. The study highlights that urbanisation has positive impact on infrastructure development in sample districts. The study also found the urban areas of Kohima are in leading position than Mokokchung with regard to social and physical infrastructure. The paper concludes by suggesting suitable policies for developing and less developed areas.
Keywords: Urbanisation, Social and Physical Infrastructure
Downloads
References
Boyle, R., & Mohamed, R., (2007) State growth management, smart growth and urban containment: A review of the US and a study of the heartland. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 50(5), 677–697
Carlino G. A., Chatterjee, S., & Hunt, R. M., (2007) Urban density and the rate of invention, Journal of Urban Economics 61(3), 389–419
Census of India (2001) Directorate of Census operations, Nagaland
Census of India (2011) Directorate of Census operations, Nagaland
Climate of Nagaland (2014) Government of Nahaland, Kohima
Chen N., Valente, P., & Zlotnik, H., (1998) What do we know about recent trends in urbanization? In: Migration, Urbanization, and Development: New Directions and Issues. R.E. Bilsborrow, (eds.), UNFPA-Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 59–88.
Cheng, V., (2009) Understanding density and high density. In: Designing High Density Cities for Social and Environmental Sustainability. Earthscan, London; Sterling, VA, 3–17.
Ezung, T. Z., and Jamir C., (2018) Disparities in infrastructural development of Nagaland: A case study of Kohima and Longleng district, Economic Affairs, 63(2), 375-379
Eberts, R. W., & Daniel, M. P., (1999) Agglomeration Economies and Urban Public Infrastructure. In Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, Vol. 3, Applied Urban Economics, (eds.) by Paul Cheshire, and Edwin S. Mills. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1459-1480
Ellis, P & Roberts, M., (2016) Leveraging Urbanization in South Asia: Managing Spatial Transformation for Prosperity and Livability. Washington, DC: World Bank. Berry B. J. L. (1973). The Human Consequences of Urbanisation: Divergent Paths in the Urban Experience of the Twentieth Century. Macmillan, London, 205
Glaeser E. L., & Kahn, M. E., (2004) Sprawl and Urban Growth. In: Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. J.V. Henderson, J.F. Thisse, (eds.), Elsevier, 2484–2520
Harris J. R.., & Todaro, M. P., (1970) Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis, American Economic Review 60(1), 126–42
Jamir, C., (2021b). Economic Inequality and Development of Nagaland. Mittal
Publication House, NewDelhi.
Jamir, C., (2020b) Infrastructure Development in Rural Nagaland in B. Kilangla Jamir and Giribabu M. (Eds.) Agriculture and Rural Transformation: Issues and Challenges (with Special Reference to North East India), Rawat Publications, 305-314
Henderson, V., (2003). The Urbanization Process and Economic Growth: The So-What Question. Journal of Economic Growth 8(1), 47–71.
Hotelling, H., (1933) Analysis of Complex Statistical Variable into Principal Component, Journal of Education Psychology Vol. 24(7), 470-510
Kundu, A., Bagchi, S., & Kundu, D., (1999) Regional Distribution of Infrastructure and basic Amenities in Urban India: Issues concerning Empowerment of Local Bodies, Economic and Political Weekly, 34(28), 893-1906
Satterthwaite, D., (2009) The implications of population growth and urbanization for climate change. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2), 545–567.
Straub, S., (2008) Infrastructure and Growth in Developing Countries: Recent Advances and Research Challenges World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4460
Teriman S., Yigitcanlar, T., & Mayere, S., (2010) Sustainable Urban Infrastructure Development in South East Asia: Evidence from Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore In: Sustainable Urban and Regional Infrastructure Development: Technologies, Applications and Management. T. Yigitcanlar, (eds.), IGI Global, Hershey, PA, pp. 152–164
Tisdale, H., (1942) The process of urbanization. Social Forces 20(3), 311-318
Vanolo, A., (2014) Smartmentality: The smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5), 883–898.
Wirth, L., (1938) Urbanism as a Way of Life. American Journal of Sociology 44(1), 1–24.
Woo M., & Guldmann, J.M., (2011) Impacts of Urban Containment Policies on the Spatial Structure of US Metropolitan Areas. Urban Studies, 48(16), 3511–3536.
World Bank (2005) Dynamics of Urban Expansion. Available at:http:/ /siteresources.worldbank.org
